Citations in ChatGPT, Perplexity & AI Overviews.
Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) is making your brand the source AI engines cite in their answers — the way SEO once made you the first blue link.
Most "generative engine optimization agency" listings you'll find right now are SEO shops that renamed a service page overnight. That's not a criticism of intent — the discipline is genuinely new — but it means most generative engine optimization services on the market are still built on SEO deliverables with AI language bolted on: keyword research decks, backlink packages, occasional schema markup. That work isn't wrong, it's just insufficient. Citation engines (ChatGPT, Perplexity, Google's AI Overviews, Gemini) don't rank pages, they synthesise answers from passages, and they weight entity trust and technical retrievability in ways classic ranking factors don't fully capture.
What I actually change when I take on GEO work: the unit of optimisation moves from "page" to "citable passage," the audit checks crawler access for GPTBot, PerplexityBot and ClaudeBot (not just Googlebot), and the reporting layer tracks share of voice inside AI answers, not just SERP position. If you want the underlying mechanics before you brief anyone, I've written up the full breakdown in what generative engine optimization actually is and how it diverges from answer engine optimization — the two get conflated constantly and the distinction changes what you build first.
This is the actual sequence, not a marketing funnel. Every step produces something you keep, regardless of whether we continue past it.
Steps 1 and 2 alone usually surface enough fixes to justify the engagement before we've written a single new sentence of content.
If you're weighing whether to run this in-house, hand it to your existing SEO retainer, or bring in a dedicated generative AI search engine optimization agency, the honest comparison looks like this:
| Approach | What you actually get | Where it breaks |
|---|---|---|
| DIY / in-house marketing team | Good instinct on brand voice, fast content shipping | No engine-specific tracking, entity/schema work usually skipped, crawler access rarely checked |
| Generalist SEO agency offering GEO as an add-on | Solid technical SEO, existing link programme, competent content ops | Optimises for rankings, not citations; rarely audits AI-crawler access or entity consistency specifically |
| Specialist GEO agency / consultant | Citation-specific audit, entity mapping, AI-crawler fixes, engine-by-engine tracking | Smaller team, less useful if you need volume content production or a full paid-media stack alongside it |
In practice the strongest setup for most mid-size brands is a specialist running GEO diagnostics and structure while your existing content or SEO function executes at volume — I've built engagements both ways depending on what a client already has in-house.
GEO earns its budget when you already have a content base and some domain authority, and the problem is that AI engines summarise your category without mentioning you. That's most B2B SaaS companies, service businesses with genuine expertise content, e-commerce brands with strong product data, and multi-location businesses where local SEO signals (reviews, NAP consistency, location pages) feed directly into local AI answers — see the local SEO checklist and the dentist-specific version for how granular this gets at the location level.
It is not for a brand-new site with a handful of pages and no backlink profile — there's nothing to make citable yet, and the money is better spent on foundational SEO consulting first. It's also not a fit if you need guaranteed placement in a specific AI answer by a specific date; nobody controls the model's output layer, and any generative engine optimization company claiming otherwise is selling you a fiction. What I can commit to is improving citation likelihood through the technical, structural and entity work that demonstrably influences it.
The same handful of failures show up across almost every account I audit. Robots.txt silently blocking GPTBot or PerplexityBot while the client insists their content is "everywhere" — nobody checked. Brand name inconsistency across the site, Wikipedia, Crunchbase and review platforms, which quietly tells entity graphs you might be three different companies. Content written for keyword density instead of a direct, quotable answer in the first two sentences — engines skip past the preamble. Treating link building as dead because AI engines don't show blue links to users — they still weight authority signals underneath, which is why I point people to link building that survives AI search before they cut that budget entirely. And the biggest one: launching GEO work with no baseline citation tracking, so three months in nobody can say whether anything moved.
Citation share is the primary metric — the percentage of a tracked prompt set where your brand gets cited versus named competitors, run across ChatGPT, Perplexity and AI Overviews on a fixed schedule. That sits alongside AI-referral traffic in analytics (now identifiable as a distinct channel in most setups), and organic performance, because GEO and SEO are not separate traffic sources in practice — they move together. On a car rental portfolio I worked on, organic clicks rose 120% and impressions 138% over six months alongside the GEO and entity work, which is the pattern I generally see: fixing crawlability, entity clarity and answer structure lifts both channels because they're built on the same underlying trust signals, not competing ones. Full comparison of the two disciplines is in GEO vs SEO and AEO vs SEO if you want the mechanics. Reporting is monthly, plain-language, and includes the losses as well as the wins — a citation you had and lost is more actionable than one you never had.
Also see: AI SEO · Answer Engine Optimization
Dubai-specific page: Best GEO/AEO Specialist in Dubai